Recognizing Symptoms and Risk Factors
Getting ready for a colorectal cancer screening doesn’t have to be intimidating. With a clear idea of what to expect, you can feel more confident and comfortable as you prepare for any screening method—whether it’s a colonoscopy, stool-based test, or flexible sigmoidoscopy. Here’s everything you need to know about each screening option, what questions to ask your doctor, and tips for making the process as smooth as possible.
What to Expect During Different Screening Options
There are a few main types of colorectal cancer screenings, each with its own process. Here’s what you need to know:
Colonoscopy
This is the most thorough screening, allowing your doctor to examine the entire colon and remove any polyps during the procedure.
Preparation: You’ll need to follow a special diet and take a bowel-cleansing prep to clear your colon the day before. The prep can be challenging, but it’s essential for accurate results.
During the Test: You’ll be sedated, so you won’t feel anything. The doctor will insert a small camera to check for polyps or abnormalities and may remove polyps if they’re found.
After the Test: You may feel a little sleepy from the sedation, so make sure you have someone to drive you home.
Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
This test detects hidden blood in the stool, which can be a sign of cancer or polyps.
Preparation: No special prep is needed for FIT. Simply follow the instructions to collect a small stool sample at home, then send it to the lab.
During the Test: This is done entirely at home—no clinic visit is needed.
After the Test: Your results will typically be available in a few days. If blood is detected, a follow-up colonoscopy may be recommended.
Stool DNA Test (e.g., Cologuard)
This test checks for both hidden blood and DNA changes that could indicate cancer or polyps.
Preparation: No special diet or prep is required. You’ll collect a stool sample at home following the provided instructions.
During the Test: You’ll use a kit to collect the sample at home, then mail it to the lab.
After the Test: Results usually take a few days to a week. If abnormalities are detected, your doctor may recommend a follow-up colonoscopy.
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
This is similar to a colonoscopy but examines only the lower part of the colon.
Preparation: You may need a light bowel prep, though it’s often less intense than for a full colonoscopy.
During the Test: You may receive mild sedation, but it’s typically not as strong as with a colonoscopy. The doctor will insert a small camera to examine the lower colon.
After the Test: Since sedation is light, recovery is usually quick, and you may not need someone to drive you home.
Questions to Ask Before Screening
Knowing what to ask before your screening can help you feel more prepared. Here are a few key questions to consider:
Which Screening is Best for Me?: Your doctor can help you choose the most appropriate test based on your risk factors, age, and personal preferences.
How Do I Prepare?: Each screening has different preparation requirements, so be sure to get clear instructions, especially if you’re preparing for a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy.
What Will the Screening Be Like?: Ask about what to expect, how long it will take, and whether sedation will be needed.
What Happens if Results Are Abnormal?: Knowing the next steps in case of an abnormal result can help you feel more prepared for any outcome.
How Will I Get My Results?: Some doctors provide results through a secure portal, while others may call. Ask how and when you’ll be notified.
Tips for a Comfortable Screening Experience
Preparing for a screening can feel a bit daunting, especially if it’s your first time. Here are some practical tips for making the experience as comfortable as possible:
Colonoscopy and Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Tips:
Stay Hydrated During Prep: Drinking plenty of clear liquids the day before will help keep you hydrated and make the prep process a bit easier.
Follow Prep Instructions Carefully: Proper bowel prep is essential for accurate results. Try to make the day as comfortable as possible—plan activities you enjoy that don’t require a lot of energy.
Dress Comfortably: Loose clothing can make you feel more relaxed, especially after the prep process or if you’re feeling a bit groggy from sedation.
Plan for Rest Afterward: Since sedation is used, arrange for a low-key day after a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy to recover at home comfortably.
FIT and Stool DNA Test Tips:
Set Up Your Kit in Advance: Read the instructions thoroughly and have everything ready before starting the test.
Choose a Time When You’re Not Rushed: Take the test when you can focus, so you don’t feel rushed or distracted.
Mail Your Sample Promptly: For accurate results, try to send your sample to the lab as soon as possible after collection.
For All Screenings:
Bring a Supportive Friend or Family Member: If you’re feeling nervous, bring someone with you to help you feel more at ease, or have a support person on standby to check in with you after at-home screenings.
Take Movement Breaks: For any prep that involves fasting or dietary changes, light stretching or walking around can help you feel more comfortable.
Stay Positive: Remember, screening is a powerful tool for early detection and prevention. You’re taking an important step for your health!
Whether you’re having a colonoscopy, an at-home test, or a flexible sigmoidoscopy, preparation is the key to a successful screening. Taking time to understand each screening type, ask questions, and prepare in ways that make you feel comfortable can make a big difference. Colorectal cancer screenings are essential for early detection and prevention, so keep the focus on what matters—your health and peace of mind.